数据来源网站

天气后报：历史天气查询|天气记录|天气预报|气温查询|过去天气_天气后报

完整代码

import csv
import random
import time
from datetime import datetime
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


class AqiSpider:
    def __init__(self, cityname, realname):
        self.cityname = cityname
        self.realname = realname
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36'
        }
        self.f = open(f'air_quality.csv', 'a', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
        self.writer = csv.DictWriter(self.f,
                                     fieldnames=['city', 'date', 'AQI', 'quality_level', 'AQI_rank', 'PM2.5', 'PM10',
                                                 'NO2', 'S02', 'CO', 'O3'])
        # self.writer.writeheader()


    def send_request(self, year, month):
        """
        发送请求
        """
        print(self.realname)
        url = f"https://www.tianqihoubao.com/aqi/{self.cityname}-"+str(year)+str("%02d"%month)+".html"

        response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=60)

        time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3))   # 休眠一段时间，防止频繁请求

        # print(response.text)
        # print(f"响应状态码:{response.status_code}")
        self.parse_response(response.text)   # 解析网页

    def parse_response(self, response):
        """
        解析网页
        """
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
        tr = soup.find_all('tr')

        for j in tr[1:]:
            td = j.find_all('td')
            city = self.realname  # 城市
            Date = td[0].get_text().strip()  # 日期
            AQI = td[1].get_text().strip()  # AQI
            Quality_Level = td[2].get_text().strip()  # 空气质量等级
            AQI_rank = td[3].get_text().strip()  # AQI排名
            PM25 = td[4].get_text().strip()
            PM10 = td[5].get_text().strip()
            NO2 = td[6].get_text().strip()
            S02 = td[7].get_text().strip()
            CO = td[8].get_text().strip()
            O3 = td[9].get_text().strip()
            print(city, Date, AQI, Quality_Level, AQI_rank, PM25, PM10, NO2, S02, CO, O3)
            data_dict = {
                'city': self.realname,
                'date' :Date,
                'AQI': AQI,
                'quality_level': Quality_Level,
                'AQI_rank': AQI_rank,
                'PM2.5': PM25,
                'PM10': PM10,
                'NO2': NO2,
                'S02': S02,
                'CO': CO,
                'O3': O3
            }

            # print(Date)
            # print(data_dict)
            self.save_data(data_dict)

    def save_data(self, data_dict):
        """
        保存数据
        """
        self.writer.writerow(data_dict)


    def run(self):
        current_year = datetime.now().year
        for year in range(2015, 2026):
            for month in range(1, 13):
                if year == current_year and month > datetime.now().month:
                    continue  # 跳过未来的月份
                print(f"正在爬取{year}年{month}月的数据")
                self.send_request(year, month)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    city_dict = {
        'beijing': '北京',
        'shanghai': '上海',
        'tianjin': '天津',
        'chongqing': '重庆',
        'shijiazhuang': '石家庄',
        'taiyuan': '太原',
        'shenyang': '沈阳',
        'changchun': '长春',
        'haerbin': '哈尔滨',
        'nanjing': '南京',
        'hangzhou': '杭州',
        'hefei': '合肥',
        'fuzhou': '福州',
        'nanchang': '南昌',
        'jinan': '济南',
        'zhengzhou': '郑州',
        'wuhan': '武汉',
        'changsha': '长沙',
        'guangzhou': '广州',
        'haikou': '海口',
        'chengdu': '成都',
        'guiyang': '贵阳',
        'kunming': '昆明',
        'xian': '西安',
        'lanzhou': '兰州',
        'xining': '西宁',
        'huhehaote': '呼和浩特',
        'nanning': '南宁',
        'lasa': '拉萨',
        'yinchuan': '银川',
        'wulumuqi': '乌鲁木齐'
    }

    for k, v in city_dict.items():
        AS = AqiSpider(k, v)
        AS.run()

参考

1. 代码主要参考B站up主奥特曼计算机毕业设计

视频地址：

爬虫初始化_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

2.爬虫思路主要参考下面的文章，讲的很清楚：

python爬取全国空气质量信息 - 个人文章 - SegmentFault 思否